Critical Thinking High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Thinking High School - Essay Example Critical thing in Australian universities is a key factor in upgrading student's study skills (Triyoko, 2007). Critical thinking is an examination of the structures or elements of thought contained in all reasoning, such as purpose, problem, question-at-issue, assumptions, empirical grounding, reasoning towards conclusion, implications and consequences, obstructions from alternative view point, and frame of reference. Critical thinking can also be reflected through a person's curiosity to respond to variable subject matter, issues and purposes. Critical thinking is a concept that is incorporated in a company of intertwined modes of thinking, such as scientific thinking, mathematical thinking, historical thinking, anthropological thinking, economic thinking, moral thinking and philosophical thinking. Critical thinking exists in two components; one, critical thinking is viewed as a set of information and belief generating and processing skills. Two, critical thinking is viewed as a habit whose basis is strongly laid on intellectual commitment to use those skills to in guiding behavior. Critical thinking therefore, is very different from; mere acquisition and retention of information, because critical thinking has a peculiar way of seeking, attaining and treating information. Again, critical thinking is different from sheer possession of a set of skills, because, critical thinking is only complete if it exercises use of those skills continuously (Scriven & Paul, 1987). Critical thinking is not made a concept merely by acquiring skills and putting them into practice; it is fulfilled if the skills put into practice are observed to produce results which must be analyzed and accepted to be important into a certain body of knowledge. Critical thinking is governed by some specific motive guidance. Critical thinking which is guided by selfish motives is characteristic of skillful manipulation of ideas to suit the personal interests. Such motivated critical thinking is void of intellectuality, however practically successful it might be. Although such kind of motivated critical thinking can be directed by fair mind and intellectual integrity, it produces results of high order in terms of intellectuality; however, it is not innocent of biasness from idealism connected to its selfish motive. Critical thinking lacks universality in any individual (Scriven & Paul, 1987). All people are culprits of irrational thought. Its quality therefore depends on the quality and depth of experience in a particular field of thinking. The development of critical thinking is continual. It never stops. No one is a critical thinker all along. There are several strategies that are relevant for developing critical thinking in any individual, students included. In this paper, I will evaluate only three of the most common strategies of developing critical thinking used by tutors and students in the Australian Universities. These are, Affective Strategies, Cognitive Strategies - Macro-Abilities, and finally, Cognitive Strategies-Micro-Skills. Under Affective strategies, there are 9 strategies which generate ability to develop exercise critical thinking. I will discuss only one of these. This one is, Thinking Independently.

Marketing Mix Essay Example for Free

Marketing Mix Essay 1.0 Company Background Apple Inc., previously Apple computer, Inc., is a multinational company that conceives buyer electronics, individual computers, computer programs, and financial servers and it is a digital vendor of newspapers content. Apple’s centre merchandise lines are the IPhone intelligent telephone, iPad tablet computer and Macintosh computer line. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak are the founders who conceived Apple computer on 1st April 1976 with issue of the Apple 1 and integrated the business 3rd January 1977 in California (NonStopTechnology, 2009). For more than two decades, Apple Computer was predominantly a constructor of individual computers, encompassing the Apple II, Macintosh, and Power Mac lines, but it faced rocky sales and reduced market share throughout the 1990s. Jobs, who had been ousted from the business in 1985, returned to Apple in 1996 after company NEXT was acquired by Apple. The next year he became the companys interim CEO, which subsequent became permanent. Jobs subsequentlyinstillednew business beliefs ofrecognizable goods and straightforwardconceive, beginning with the original iMac in 1998. With the introduction of the successful iPod music contestant in 2001 and iTunes Music Store in 2003, Apple established itself as a foremost in the buyer electronics and newspapers sales commerce, premier it to fall Computer from the companys title in 2007 (NonStopTechnology, 2009). 1.1 Description of the product The iPhone 5 is a touchscreen-based smartphone developed by Apple Inc. is a high-end smartphone developed by Apple Inc. It is part of the iPhone line; formally revealed as part of a press happening on September 12, 2012, it was issued on September 21, 2012. The iPhone 5 boasted foremost conceive alterations in evaluation to its predecessor, the iPhone 4S. These encompassed an aluminum-based body which was narrower and lighter than preceding forms, a bigger computer display with a nearly 16:9 aspect ratio, the Apple A6 system-on-chip, LTE support, and Lightning, a new compact dock connector which restores the30-pin conceive utilised by preceding iPhone forms (Margaret, 2012). Apple commenced taking pre-orders on September 14, 2012, and over two million were accepted in 24 hours. Initial demand for the iPhone 5 surpassed the deliver obtainable at launch on September 21, 2012, and has been delineated by Apple as extraordinary, with pre-orders having marketed 20 times speedier than its predecessors. While welcoming to the iPhone 5 has been broadly chatting optimistic, clients and  reviewers found hardware subjects, for instance an unplanned purple hue in images taken, and the phones surface covering being prone to chipping. Reception was in addition combined over Apples determination to change to a divergent dock connector create, as the change changed iPhone 5s compatibility with accessories that were then well-matched with earlier iterations of the line. The iPhone 5 was publically suspended on September 10, 2013 with the statement of its predecessor, iPhone 5S, and iPhone 5C, a lower-cost discrepancy of the iPhone 5 with comparable inside hardware and a fake casing. The introduction of the 5C deviated from Apples earlier market approach, where the earlier iPhone type would continue in goods produced, but marketed at a worse charge purpose under the new type (Margaret, 2012). The fifth current inhabitants of Apples immensely popular iPhone mobile smartphone debuted in September 2012, supplanting the iPhone 4S as the companys current, best smartphone device. While the iPhone 5 bids several under-the-hood enhancements, the most clear change over previous-generation iPhones is the iPhone 5sgreater amount (4 show clearly vs. 3.5 in earlier models), joined concurrently with a leaner and lighter profile (Margaret, 2012). The iPhone 5s 4-inch Retina Display delivers a 1136640 perseverance, and other new extra embrace a speedierA6 processor piece, enhanced wireless technical knowledge (including 4G LTE support), fully completed redesigned Ear Pod, ear buds, an 8MP iSight camera (with a new Panorama mode) and support for the new iOS 6 operating procedure (Margaret, 2012). IOS 6 bids some enhancements of its own, embracing a fully completed redesigned Maps app thats no longer supported on Google Maps and that now aspects turn-by-turn navigation, Passbook (a location-aware digital wallet app for accumulating things like vouchers, gift cards, boarding passes, etc.), enhanced iCloud integration, the skills to use Face Time on cellular bindings, more sophisticated Siri capabilities, Facebook integration, AirPlay for wireless streaming of iPhone 5 content to an HDTV  via Apple TV, Do Not Disturb call organization implements and more (Margaret, 2012). 2.0 Buyer Decision Making Process Philip Kotler presents a five-stage form engaging buyer buying conclusion process. The five-stage form of buyer buying method isasserted as follows. The buyer buying method starts with the identification of a difficulty or a need. This identification may arrive from interior stimuli (such as hunger, or yearn to gaze good) or an external one (such as a television publicity, proposal from a friend). When buyers identify require, the inner-drive to fulfill the require is called motivation. Therefore, marketers should find out what motivates their clients in order that they can apply to those motives. In alignment phrases, marketers should have a good information of buying motives (Riley, 2012). Stage 2: Information Search When buyers recognise a require, they may gaze for data about how to persuade it. A buyer may gaze for data from five general sources: Internal Sources: by recalling from recollection, if he/she has persuaded a alike require in the past. Group Sources: by conferring other persons like family constituents, ‘friends, and others. Marketing Sources: through sales persons, advertisements, packages, and so on. PublicSources:through newspapers promotion, accounts of study companies, etc. Experiential Sources: by experiencing goods, i.e., by management them or by spending or utilising them. For demonstration, a buyer may flavour a specific piece of very fast nourishment, and if he likes it, then he may make a buy conclusion (Riley, 2012). Stage 3: Evaluation of Alternatives A buyer may register out a couple of alternate emblems that are accessible in  the market. The emblems may berecorded after assembling essential data from diverse sources. The data of alternate emblems may include: Features, cost, form, after-sale-service, warranty etc (Riley, 2012). Based on the accessible data, buyers recognise and assess modes to persuade their needs.A buyer would recognisethe goods or emblems thatwould persuade his/her desires or explain his/her difficulties, and then assess each brand/product contrary to certain criteria for example characteristics, cost, status of the business, after-sale-service, and so on. Consumer’s trial to recognise the merchandise that will consign the utmost worth (Riley, 2012). Stage 4: Purchase Decision Once the buyer has tapered down the likely options to just a couple of, he/she may make a conclusion to purchase. The buyer would conclude if to purchase, and if so, then what, where, and when to buy. Consumers may furthermore postpone or decline buy conclusion, if no one of the short-listed options encounters his/her desires(Riley, 2012). Stage 5: Post-purchase Evaluation The last stage is the post-purchase evaluation of the decision. It is widespread for clients to know-how anxieties after producing a buy decision. This arises from a notion that is renowned as â€Å"cognitive dissonance†. The clientele, having acquired a merchandise, may seem that an alternate would have been preferable. In these attenuating components that clientele will not repurchase directly, but is probable to swap emblems next time(Riley, 2012). To organise the post-purchase stage, it is the job of the trading group to convince the promise clientele thatthemerchandise will persuade his or her needs. Then after having made a buy, the clientele should  be boosted that he or she has made the right conclusion (Riley, 2012). 2.1 Characteristics of Buyer’s Behaviour Consumer demeanour can be clarified as all communal, psychological and personal demeanour of buyers as the become cognizant ofassess, buy, spend and notify other ones about the goods and services. Characteristics of buyer demeanour are (Francis, 2013): Consumer demeanour is the part of human behavior. This will not be separated. Human demeanour concludes what to purchase, when to purchase etc. This is unpredictable in nature. We will not state that what an one-by-one is going to manage in the next moment. Based on the past behavioral convention one can not less than approximate like the past he might act (Francis, 2013). Learning the buyer is tough and convoluted as it engages the study of human beings. Each one-by-one behaves distinctly when he is put at distinct situations. Every day is a message from each and every one-by-one while we discover the buyer behavior. Today one may buy a merchandise because of its stink, tomorrow it may alter and he will buy another due to some another cause (Francis, 2013). Consumer demeanour is dynamic. A consumer’s demeanour is habitually altering in nature. The flavour and fondness of the persons vary. According to that buyers act differently. As the up to date world alterations the consumer’s behaving convention furthermore alterations (Francis, 2013). Consumer demeanour is leveraged bypsychological, communal and personal factors. A buyer may be trusted with a merchandise due to its rank values. Another may attach with a merchandise due to its finances in price. Understanding these components by a marketer is vital before putting the merchandise to the buyers (Francis, 2013). Studyof buyer demeanour is vital formarketers.Before making a merchandise or commencing a merchandise, he has to proceed through a clear investigation of the buyer behavior. If the persons or prospects decline the merchandise, he has to change it (Francis, 2013). Consumer demeanour isa relentless method asit engages the method begins before the buying and extending after purchasing. Before buying there will be high confusions and anticipations about the product. After buying it,ifthe purchaser is persuaded with themerchandise he displays a affirmative demeanour, else contradictory (Francis, 2013). 3.0 Marketing Mix The period marketing-mix, was first coined by Neil Borden; the leader of the American Marketing Association in 1953. The trading blend mentions to the set of activities, or methods, thata business values to encourage its emblem or merchandise in the market. The 4Ps make up a usual trading blend Price, Product, Promotion and Place. However, nowadays, the trading blend progressively encompasses some other Ps like Packaging, Positioning, People and even Politics as crucial blend components (Kumid, 2013). 3.1 4P’s and 7P’s of Marketing The 4Ps make up a usual trading blend Price, Product, Promotion and Place. However, nowadays, the trading blend progressively encompasses some other Ps like Packaging, Positioning, People and even Politics as crucial blend components (Kumid, 2013). Price It mentions to the worth that is put for a product. It counts on charges of output, segment aimed at, proficiency of the market to yield, provide demand and a owner of other direct and digressive factors. There can be some kinds of charge schemes, each joined in with an general enterprise plan. Pricing can furthermore be utilised a demarcation, to differentiate and enhance the likeness of a merchandise (Kumid, 2013). Product This mentions to the piece really being sold. The merchandise should consign a smallest grade of performance; else even the best work on the other components of the trading blend won’t manage any good (Kumid, 2013). Place Place mentions to the issue of sale. In every commerce, catching the eye of the buyer and producing it so straightforward for her topurchase it is the major objective of a good circulation or place strategy. Retailers yield a premium for the right location. In detail, the mantra of a thriving retail enterprise is position (Kumid, 2013). Promotion This mentions to all the undertakings attempted to make the merchandise or service renowned to the client and trade. This can encompass a dvocating, phrase of mouth, press accounts, inducements, charges and accolades to the trade. It can furthermore encompass buyerdesigns, direct trading, challenges and rewards (Kumid, 2013). Physical Environment Physical natural environment mentions to climate situation, evening or day and general air status in the country. The personal natural environment at the time of use should enhance the use of the service or merchandise (Kumid, 2013). Process The methods needed to convey out the service accessibility is one of the 7 Ps. The method is such that the offerings of the service are more utilized and impart more worth to the service and with present affray the method of consigning the service can conceive the comparable distinction (Kumid, 2013). People People mention to clients who use the merchandise made accessible to them in order that persons are involved in utilising the merchandise or services. Every lone effort is made to boost the benefits suggested by the services in order that persons have concern inutilising the services. People gaze for the vale for cash demonstration the forfeit of cash to avail the merchandise should not be more than the advantages suggested by the service (Kumid, 2013). Thus the 7Ps are the foremost components that leverage the accessibility of the service and people’s demeanour to use the service and with the altering scenario of service trading the persons who are consigning the service have furthermore becomes as significant acomponent as the service itself (Kumid, 2013). 3.2 Marketing blend strategy Marketing focuses on the most basic obligations of the businesses to recognise clients, study their desires and preferences, and investigate their mind-set to advancement and other components that leverage their buying conclusions and convince them to purchase goods and services from competitors (CIM, 2009). All this needs a trading scheme that is coordinated not as a set about to each part of the task and very shrewd in periods of producing the most productive use of the assets and allowances accessible (CIM, 2009). Planning trading scheme begins with a comprehensive and ongoing enquiry of the market and its sub-markets and segments. Companies gaze at the financial, communal, political and technological tendencies that are forming the market by their own place inside it (CIM, 2009). A trading designing characterising objectives, presentation assesses and goals and presentation assesses are then evolved with a economic budget. Planning an productive trading scheme inside the association is intimately compelled up with the total enterprise designing method because it is connected to general business scheme and needs endorsement from the top. It furthermore desires to be constantly reviewed. Therefore collaboration between trading and other business undertakings for example study, investment, output and development are significant to double-check that the trading scheme is applied competently (CIM, 2009). 3.3 Marketing Mix for Apple’s product The trading managements have to confirm that the Apple Inc. pricing on customer’s worth rather than only on cost. The only modes to double-check befitting Apple Inc. cost for clientele is by changing the customer’s perception of value. The cost should be proposed by producing the service or know-how the worth, not the merchandise itself,even product propelled Apple Inc. merchandise scan advantage rom this approach. The Apple Inc. Corporation desires to focus the advantages that arrive with the merchandise (Lamido, 2011). The Apple Inc. Pricing blend in Business Analysis encompasses Cost, Competition, Discounts, and geographical Area. The trading design should encompass concern on how Apple Inc. charges are charge and including discounts, (Perreault, Jr. McCarthy, 2004). Apple Inc. trading designs should encompass cost considerations. The pricing includes charges, affray, markups, discounts, and geographical area. Even if all the other facets are flawless, with the incorrect cost, the clientele will not purchase the merchandise (Lamido, 2011). Apple has been most hard-hitting in terms of advancement on their product. Promotion as the title suggests is the fourth of the Marketing blend and not necessarily more significant than any of the trading mix. Formally characterised by Armstrong Kotler, advancement is worried with telling the goal market or other ones in the conduit of circulation about the â€Å"right† merchandise (Lamido, 2011). 4.0 Conclusion Above diagram shows random User’s rating. It illustrates that majority citizens are pleased with iPhone 5 via apple. People say that its lighter and slimmer. Random customer said, â€Å"I carry my telephone as shortly as I go cycling, walking, or running, so I for one greet the fresh design. I think the favorite thing for me approximate the fresh screen is that it can exhibit an extra row of icons, which mechanism your folders can fit more, and you can have more on one screen. I like to retain everything fitting on one page right there for me to access. The screen is brighter, and color saturation is noticeably superior, blacks are blacker, colors are richer. The telephone has LTE, which mechanism it shall join to networks speedier, and it has three mikes, and sounds canceling

the coach :: essays research papers

I had been running track all through high school and was just about to start my senior season. I had never been great, but good enough to make states last year in the middle distances. Up until this year our only coaches were your typical, out of shape, over the hill, middle aged women who only coached track because they were either mean old biddies who liked to boss around young women or were athletes themselves before they let themselves go and now wanted to relive their fantasies of victory through our hard work and sweat. This spring though, things changed. We had a student teacher that offered to help out with the track team. She had run track in both high school and college but had used up her last year of eligibility and now was working on her Masters of Education. Her name was Naomi and she was assigned the runners since she obviously was better at it than any of our other coaches. Not only that, but she was faster than anyone else on the team except our top girl in the 100. She could easily beat everyone else in any distance up to the mile. Add to that the fact that she was prettier than most of the girls on the team and our fragile egos were taking a beating. If she hadn't been one of the nicest and most helpful people in the world things might have gotten ugly. Instead, she became one of our best friends, as well as our coach and some of our teacher. I don't know exactly why, but Naomi seemed to make me her special project for the season. From the first day of practice she pushed me harder than anyone else, spent more time with me and made sure that I pushed myself. Maybe it was because I ran the same distances she ran, but then again so did a few of the other girls. Maybe it was because she saw something in me that none of the other coaches had. I wasn't sure what it was, but at times I enjoyed the extra attention, at other times I hated it when she made me run the extra distance or work extra hard. She seemed to be able to know exactly how to get the best out of me though because by mid season she had me running the best times I had ever run and even a few college scouts were starting to stop by at our meets to check me out.

Daphne DuMaurier Essay -- Authors

â€Å"Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again† is one of the most capturing opening phrases of the famous novel â€Å"Rebecca† written by Daphne Du’ Maurier and published in 1938. After the first two paragraphs the story’s unnamed narrator reminisces about her past, but the narrator's name is never revealed. She is referred to as "my dear", Mrs. de Winter, â€Å"my wife", etc., but her first and last name are never given by the author. This opening line gave form to the entire story â€Å"Rebecca† and for over sixty years audiences around the world have praised Daphne Du’Maurier’s novels for their spellbinding mix of suspense, romance, mystery, and horror. Very similar to writers like the Bronte sisters Daphne Du’maurier’s works stand out as a superb example of melodramatic writing. Daphne Du’Maurier was born on May 13th, 1907 in London, England. The middle of three daughters, Du’Maurier was born into a prominent artistic and literary household. She was the granddaughter of famed caricaturist George du Maurier, and the daughter of actor-manager George du Maurier and actress Muriel Beaumont. With her early introduction to literary and artistic accomplishments it is no surprise that Du’Maurier was fascinated by imaginary worlds and wrote her first short story to be published in a magazine, which led to a literary contract, when she was only in her teens. Daphne Du’Maurier’s father, Gerald Du’Maurier, was an English actor and manager, who married Muriel Beaumont in 1902 and proceeded to have three daughters. Daphne’s sisters Angela and Jeanne Du’Maurier were both writers, but not nearly so well known or accomplished as their sister. In 1931, Du’Maurier wrote her first full length novel, â€Å"The Loving Spirit†. After writing this novel when sh... ..., author, or artist, but above all as an intellectual individual with passion and talent in writing who changed literary history with each one of her works.  Works Cited GradeSaver. "Biography of Daphne Du Maurier | List of Works, Study Guides & Essays". GradeSaver, 13 May 2012 Web. 13 May 2012. Du Maurier, Daphne. Frenchman's Creek . Garden City, New York: Nelson Doubleday Inc., 1941. Print. Du Maurier, Daphne - Richard Kelly (essay date 1987). Short Story Criticism. Ed. Drew Kalasky. Vol. 18. Gale Cengage, 1995. eNotes.com. 14 May, 2012 Auerbach, Nina. Daphne Du Maurier, Haunted Heiress . University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. Print. Leng, Flavia. Daphne du Maurier: A Daughter's Memoir. Mainstream Publishing, 1999. Print. 

IT Case Study Essay

The Widget Wonders distribution center is the worldwide leader in widgets. Which they’re in the process of building a state of art facility to manufacture new generation of widgets. The SNHUConsulting group leads the way of consulting in information technology. SNHUConsulting has been hired to consult on new hardware that will last for at least the next three years for the different apartments. The sales department consists of 50 employees that requires mobility with access to the company’s resources while in the field with customers and presenting at sales meeting and conferences. The manufacturing department will have 45 employees and will need hardware that support word processing and spreadsheet programs and internet capable. The inventory control department will have 30 employees who would need mobility hardware as well with power to access database systems. The research and development department will consist of 20 employees that’s need hardware with graphics design and CAD programs. The MIS will consist of 5 employees who will need additional processors and memory requirements to support administration tasks. My recommendations for the sales department for mobility purposes is notebooks, smartphones, and tablets for visiting customers. For bigger presentations a digital projector that is interactive, with laser pointers that allows the sales team to talk and click on the computer to dictate its pace. Also USB drives that holds a large amount of storage that the sales team can upload from any computer systems. For the manufacturing department my recommendation are the new generation computer systems that support multi servers for the manufacturing needs. The manufacturing department will also need printers and connectivity capability to the internet as an additional resource tool to complete their job functions. The inventory department will need tablets with 32 or more GB of storage with direct access to the company’s database systems. The research and development department needs  notebooks, printers, and a docking station for automated systems backing up. Hardware that is able to compare and contrast data for the development of the company. The MIS department would need computer systems that is compatible with graphic adapters. Also the computer systems will have a multimedia screen capability for administrating tasks. In conclusion, the hardware that would be required for each department will have the durability and warranty that will last the company for at least 3 years, which will then require the company to revisit their strategic plan for any updates as needed. In purchasing the hardware, the company will included warranty and service agreement with the vendor to assist in any maintenance issues that may arrived regarding any of the hardware purchased. The hardware will have the most advance technology needed for each department efficient in their job duties.

Wide sargasso sea essays

Wide sargasso sea essays 1. We have stated that the narrator and focalizor in the novel Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys are identified with Antoinette in the first and third part of the novel and with Rochester in the second part. Read pages 89 to 98 and 126 to 127; consider whether this generalization remains constant in the way specified. Why? In the second part of the novel the narrator and the focalizor is Mr. Rochester, Antoinettes husband. However, in some sections of this part he is interrupted, by Antoinette from pages from 89 to 98 and by Christophine on pages 126 127. It may be said that this is so because the writer wanted to object to the imagine of Antoinette that was created by Rochesters retelling. In addition, the author wanted to show that Antoinette suffered because he betrayed her but she could not abandon him, as Christophine had advised her to do because she had no money of her own now. When she married Rochester and following the law imposed by the English men, that said that women were supposed to give their husbands their dowries; she gave him all her property. This is evidence to support the fact that Patriarchies imposed their laws, rules, beliefs, etc. over the colonised people. In addition, we can say that these interruptions account for the fact that throughout the novel, there is a shift of power. The voice that is given more right to speak, to express now does not belong to a member of the oppressing society but to a member of the oppressed society. Antoinette and Christophine, who represent the oppressed people, have power over Rochesters retelling. Moreover, on pages 126- 127 we can see how Rochesters mind is invaded by Christophines voice. In that part the point of view, the focalizor changes, although Rochester is still the narrator. 2. On the basis of the previous answer, discuss whether the interruptions of the discursive space contribute to the post-colonial nature of ...

Free Essays on Poverty And Middleclass

Budgets It is amazing how a few thousand dollars can make such a huge difference in people’s lives. Looking at both budget sheets you can easily tell the difference in lifestyle between the two. It was very hard figuring out a budget sheet for the Blue Family because cuts had to be made in important parts of the budget sheet that people need, like personal things. On the other hand the Whites budget sheet was very easy to fill out. They had plenty of income and you could make their living very comfortable. The Whites budget sheet was very easy to look over and make suggestions for. Do to the income the whites bring in, they live most comfortably. They are the type of family that has no worries by the end of the month because the have plenty of money saved away for emergencies. You can make an assumption that the white’s house hold is very laid back and happy. For the most part when families don’t have to deal with the stress of not having enough money they are usually a happier family. When families have to dill with financial problems they usually have a lot of problems like Divorces, fights, children selling drugs, and bankruptcy. â€Å" One out of four children in the United States (23%) are being raised in single parent families due to financial problems† (Institute for Children and Poverty). The Blue family is looking at an up hill battle with their budget. Their financial situation is not a good on. With the amount of income the blue family brings in they are not living comfortably. A lot of the thing this family will have to go without. But what is most important unlike the White family the Blue families’ children will have to go without a lot of thing children should receive. They will not be able to go shopping and by name brand cloths. Also they won’t be able to go to the movies or by magazines. This is going to cause problems for them socially when they go to school or out in public. With the amount of ... Free Essays on Poverty And Middleclass Free Essays on Poverty And Middleclass Budgets It is amazing how a few thousand dollars can make such a huge difference in people’s lives. Looking at both budget sheets you can easily tell the difference in lifestyle between the two. It was very hard figuring out a budget sheet for the Blue Family because cuts had to be made in important parts of the budget sheet that people need, like personal things. On the other hand the Whites budget sheet was very easy to fill out. They had plenty of income and you could make their living very comfortable. The Whites budget sheet was very easy to look over and make suggestions for. Do to the income the whites bring in, they live most comfortably. They are the type of family that has no worries by the end of the month because the have plenty of money saved away for emergencies. You can make an assumption that the white’s house hold is very laid back and happy. For the most part when families don’t have to deal with the stress of not having enough money they are usually a happier family. When families have to dill with financial problems they usually have a lot of problems like Divorces, fights, children selling drugs, and bankruptcy. â€Å" One out of four children in the United States (23%) are being raised in single parent families due to financial problems† (Institute for Children and Poverty). The Blue family is looking at an up hill battle with their budget. Their financial situation is not a good on. With the amount of income the blue family brings in they are not living comfortably. A lot of the thing this family will have to go without. But what is most important unlike the White family the Blue families’ children will have to go without a lot of thing children should receive. They will not be able to go shopping and by name brand cloths. Also they won’t be able to go to the movies or by magazines. This is going to cause problems for them socially when they go to school or out in public. With the amount of ...

Sound and Fury Characterizatio essays

Sound and Fury Characterizatio essays Several times throughout The Sound and the Fury, as in other novels, are scenes in which the family, or parts of it, is sitting down at the dinner table for a meal. In Jasons section, there is a particular scene in which this occurs. At this point in time, the Compson family consists of Jason, his mother, Quentin and Benjy, and Dilsey and Luster. The scene begins by Jason refusing to eat dinner, or even go to the dinner table, until his mother and Quentin come down to accompany him. This situation clearly shows the stubbornness of Jasons personality. Several times Dilsey asks him to just eat by himself, and to forget about the other family members who are obviously too sick or occupied to come down to dinner. Instead, Jason continues to read the paper, refusing to move until the rest of the family has come down to join him. In the same dialogue as above, not only is the trait of stubbornness shown, but also his constant sarcastic, almost brash tone. When Dilsey first tells Jason that dinner is ready, instead of a thank you or any other common words of appreciation, he replies Is it?. . .Excuse me, I didnt hear anybody come down. This clearly shows his sarcastic tone towards all people. Jason is seen as the man of the house ever since Mr. Compson died. His mother actually corrects herself when she calls the house her house, instead saying it is Jasons and that he is the head of it. This is what gives him a lot of his arrogance and haughtiness. His mother is constantly telling him how he is the superior of all the other children and even that he is the head of the house and that it is his. Who wouldnt acquire such a big ego with the praise he receives from his mother? When Quentin finally sits at the table, Jason immediately starts to rip her apart. In his usual cynical tone he constantly irritates Quentin to the point where she breaks. Jason brings up th...

Healthcare Services Costs and Customers Satisfaction Term Paper

Healthcare Services Costs and Customers Satisfaction - Term Paper Example In nations like the United States, healthcare represents big business as well as the highest spender of per capita. Its quality, therefore, must greatly be reflected in customer satisfaction because it will be the determinant between profit and loss (Karen & Ashish, 2012). This is mainly because satisfied customers (patients) will stick with particular healthcare providers and give recommendations. However, the relationship between quality healthcare and customer satisfaction is not always as straightforward as it may seem, because satisfied patients do not automatically become healthier persons. In this view, customer satisfaction can be considered more of a measure than a distinct phenomenon. This aspect further gives the relationship a more complex angle, because quality of service can also be viewed from the perspective of service providers. When the providers themselves are not satisfied, customers will not be satisfied (Mind, 2000). Customers seek healthcare services because th ey have needs, expectations and concerns. They get satisfied when these are identified and addressed appropriately and affordably without compromising the quality, which also translates into the providers earning profits. Customer satisfaction in healthcare is mainly associated with their inpatient stays and the degree of mortality risk. Quality of healthcare that results in customer satisfaction will be determined by the time spent on care, rate of readmission and the use of diagnostics.

Discuss critically distinctions between Islamic finance regulation and Essay

Discuss critically distinctions between Islamic finance regulation and conventional financing of commercial credit - Essay Example Islamic financing was first introduced in the UK in 1990 and has since developed to such an extent that the UK hosts the largest share of Islamic assets (valued at US$18 billion) among all Western countries and is eight worldwide.6 As of 2008, there were five â€Å"stand-alone† Islamic banks in the UK and more than 20 conventional banks offering Islamic products.7 This paper provides a critical analysis of the distinctions between Islamic finance regulation and conventional financing of commercial credit. The modernized form of Islamic finance began in Egypt during 1963 when the Mitt Ghamr savings system was introduced as a â€Å"social banking initiative†.8 By 1975 the first commercial Islamic banks were established: Islamic Development Bank and the Dubai Islamic Bank. The Islamic banking sector grew at a steady pace and by the 1990s there was a growing demand for Islamic financial products in investments and loans. In more recent years, the growth in demand and supply of Islamic financial products has been more expansive. Between 2006 and 2008, Islamic financial assets experienced a growth rate of 30%. As a result, Sharia compliant banking products have been described as the worlds â€Å"fastest growing financial sector†.9 There are at least 614 â€Å"registered Islamic finance institutions† in 47 countries with Islamic assets increasing from US$150 billion during the 1990s to approximately US$700 billion by 2007.10 The growth and expansion of Islamic banking and financial products have been impressive. Holden reports that over the last thirty years or so, Muslims all over the world have demonstrated a propensity for withdrawing billions of dollars from conventional banking systems and transferring them to Islamic banking and financial systems. In addition, conventional banks have shown an increasing willingness to offer Islamic banking and financial products and services.11 Islamic banking is defined as a â€Å"system of

Benefits of using pieces of crushed brick in the concrete Essay

Benefits of using pieces of crushed brick in the concrete - Essay Example Aggregates in the concrete make the concrete weather resistant through their design and composition. Brick can not be considered a suitable material for mixing in concrete if its weather resistance is declined. To increase the durability of concrete structures, Romans tried several materials in place of aggregates. Owing to the lower modulus of elasticity and higher tensile strength than stone aggregate concrete, brick aggregate concrete is considered a suitable option. Three different concrete mixtures were produced and tested in different conditions. The first sample group was made of 100% gravel, the second sample group contained 100% crushed bricks and the third sample group contained 50% bricks and 50% gravel. A total of 33 concrete cubes were cast, 11 from each group. The concrete cube samples were subjected to repeated cycles of the frosting and thawing process to simulate the real-world conditions. For each concrete mixture, 3 of the cubes were not frozen at all, 3 cubes unde rwent 10 freeze-thaw cycles and the last 3 cube samples were subjected to a maximum of 20 freeze-thaw cycles. The remaining 2 cubes were subjected to the oven temperatures to determine their porosity. Each concrete cube was tested for its compressive strength, and tensile strength. Brick concrete showed more compressive and tensile strength than ordinary concrete because of lower w/c ratio.

Cas22 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cas22 - Case Study Example Subsequently, she files a suit against the company for deception. The following part of this paper will critically analyze Johansen’s scope of proceeding with the claim either at arbitration or at Federal court. It is stated that the contract contains an arbitration mediations clause which demands Johansen ‘to complete the process if there is a contract dispute and the results will be caused to waive her future rights in federal and state court to contest any employment violations’. Although the company can justify its employment termination on the strength of this clause, obviously the firm has violated the legal norms of the employment regulations. The case clearly indicates that the employer has breached the terms of the contract as well. She can argue that employer’s demand of being the key member of a client escort service was out of the terms of the written contract. The contractual laws clearly tell that a contract can be legally broken if any one of the parties has committed a breach of contract. In such situation, the contract loses its legal validity. Although Johansen has signed the contract containing the dispute provisions, her basic interests as a citizen has to be preserved first. She can claim compensation for her termination from the job.

Fair Value of Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fair Value of Accounting - Research Paper Example Fair value accounting has cemented its place really well in the world of accounting on the grounds that it gives more relevant information to users. This method is a realistic approach that gives the actual worth of an entity. According to Patricia McConnell1, fair value accounting method requires the preparers of financial statements to adjust them according to the fair values. This requirement helps the investors to make a better analysis of financial statements. The primary objective of financial statement analysis is the comparative measure of risk and return. General purpose financial statements do not provide the required data for this comparative analysis without significant adjustments. A clearer picture of financial statements provides the investors with a chance to make good decisions. â€Å"†¦fair value accounting method gives fair value estimates and discloses a range of possible outcomes which may help a sophisticated investor but at the same may plague the unsophisticated investor with ambiguity and information overload.† Fair value’s biggest drawback, and the major reason of its opposition, is the lack of reliability. It is because unless an asset is exchangeable in an arm’s length transaction, its value would always be an estimate. According to a study by Avinash, Arvi & Alan Reinstein3, critics have argued that fair value accounting method aggravated the recent crisis by requiring significant write-down of assets and hence resulting in sharp decreases in regulatory capital of banks and other financial institutions. Fair values tend to fluctuate vastly in a short period at times. According to Michael Power4, there are many arguments against the fair value accounting method but they don’t automatically become arguments in favor of historical cost accounting method. The definition of fair value shows that it is the amount which might be obtained in a market. Various commentators have argued about

Cas22 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cas22 - Case Study Example Subsequently, she files a suit against the company for deception. The following part of this paper will critically analyze Johansen’s scope of proceeding with the claim either at arbitration or at Federal court. It is stated that the contract contains an arbitration mediations clause which demands Johansen ‘to complete the process if there is a contract dispute and the results will be caused to waive her future rights in federal and state court to contest any employment violations’. Although the company can justify its employment termination on the strength of this clause, obviously the firm has violated the legal norms of the employment regulations. The case clearly indicates that the employer has breached the terms of the contract as well. She can argue that employer’s demand of being the key member of a client escort service was out of the terms of the written contract. The contractual laws clearly tell that a contract can be legally broken if any one of the parties has committed a breach of contract. In such situation, the contract loses its legal validity. Although Johansen has signed the contract containing the dispute provisions, her basic interests as a citizen has to be preserved first. She can claim compensation for her termination from the job.

Research paper (The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner by Randall Essay

Research paper (The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner by Randall Jarrell, 1945) - Essay Example The message that Jarrell is trying to convey is presented in only five lines, descriptive and abstract five lines. Brief as it is, it evokes a powerful, vivid, and moving message. The tragedy of war and lives lost in battle is depicted, leaving the readers a poignant recollection of the cruelty and obscenity of armed conflict. His concise tribute to the victims of war is achieved through his mastery of paradoxism, metaphor, even hyperbole. Thus, it unfolded various conceptual interpretations of the prose. The opening line speaks of birth. He fell from his mother’s womb not into ordinary human life but into the womb of the State (Wood). This is during the wartime period when men were drafted for military service. A man conceived in the protective nest of his mother’s womb, ironically delivered into the chaotic world of government servitude. A moment of stillness and sleep superseded by terror and anguish. Going into the battle is opening to the possibility of losing his life in the name of his motherland. And to lose his life in the hands of the enemy. The thought of whether such action is his personal choice comes to mind. It appears as if he does not want to go, for the threat of being killed in action is possible (Pericles). Sleep and State accords the commanding words in this line. Sleep is to comfort, and State is authority. The analogy of an innocent life and horrible death of the machine gunner as expressed by Randall Jarrell. From the beginning he is moulded for only one purpose, and all that happens to him is for this public usefulness. He exists only to be a victim (Fein, 1961). The birth, according to Dawson, may be seen as the rebirth of initiation into a mature vision of reality and evil. The time between birth and death is lost. The poem presents a man who seems to have lived in order to die (Ferguson, 1974). It encompasses a single moment in the gunner’s life- his identity, his innocence and when he was robbed of his life

Regional Integration Essay Example for Free

Regional Integration Essay The Pacific Forum region seeks a region of peace, harmony security, and economic prosperity. The diversity of its peoples seek value, honor in their cultures. The Pacific Region’s objectives include obtaining respect for its governance, sustainable management of its resources and its democratic values. The partnerships with their neighbors, to improve communications and secure a sustainable economy for all are the primary objectives for its members. Established in Bangkok, Thailand on August 8, 1967 the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) was founded by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ASEAN is now comprised of 10 members including Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2013). An important and landmark agreement that ASEAN entered into was the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement. The region in which the ASEAN- China Free Trade Agreement will reach is about 1. 9 billion people. This agreement will surely test not only the members of ASEAN, but China as well. The region in which the ASEAN- China Free Trade Agreement will reach is about 1. 9 billion people. This agreement will surely test not only the members of ASEAN, but China as well (ASEAN, 2013). Positive Influence of the Asean-China Free Trade Agreement January 10, 2010 marked a ten year negotiation with China, when the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area Agreement became effective. Tariff reductions between China and six ASEAN members Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, will experience more than a 90 percent of products with a drop to near zero in both parties’ tariffs. The agreement was established with the idea that ASEAN countries’ natural resources and China’s large market would both benefit (Shamsi, 2010). Countries like Cambodia and Laos will benefit from the ASEAN-China agreement with zero tariffs on over 7000 goods from China, which will benefit these under developed countries tremendously. Less developed countries especially those with no stock market system will welcome this agreement and benefit greatly (Shamsi, 2010). The ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement is China’s first free trade agreement and the first negotiated agreement ASEAN has been involved in with another country. The importance of this agreement will be seen when ASEAN nations being to use China’s currency Yuan. This can drive China’s Yuan to become a major global trading currency. This agreement is important in the movement for the regional economic environment (Shamsi, 2010). Negative Impact of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement The economic head of ASEAN is Indonesia. The idea of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement is not beneficial to ASEAN countries and should be re-considered. Indonesia has pointed out that the economy of China has recently increased and become powerful in global terms. The exemption from custom duties for Chinese goods ill challenges the local business survival with an influx of less expensive Chinese goods (Shamsi, 2010). Bankruptcy is a real possibility for industrial areas in the small and medium sized zones according to the chairman of the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association. The automotive industry in Malaysia is also wary of this agreement in that the impact on local auto industries could be hit hard. The view from many ASEAN members is that the agreement much more benefits China than the ASEAN countries. China in size alone has a large market for domestic consumption and ability to export on a grander scale than that of ASEAN countries (Shamsi, 2010). The overall feelings in most ASEAN countries are that of mixes feelings, but mostly worry concerning the agreement. The population of China with 1. 3 billion people compared to the 600 million combined of ASEAN region is notable differences in terms of markets. The concept that took ten years to come to light, seems that with the changes seen in the economy of China, that the agreement still has the same fruitful benefits initially anticipated (Shamsi, 2010).

Pattern and Sequences of Child Development

Pattern and Sequences of Child Development Introduction Before birth, after and until adulthood children grow and develop continually. They follow an expected pattern of development to reach a stage to the next. However, we observe that each children develop at their own pace of time. With some children there may be delays in their pattern of development. In general, the pattern is seen in the growth of the body from head to toe, then the building of muscles to gain control on the body and then the formation of speech and the emotional responses are acquired. In order to describe the developmental process of the child, practitioners should base their observations on the following area of development; Physical Development This area of development studies how children acquire the below physical abilities to perform certain activities. Gross Motor Skills – These are movements made by large limbs such as kicking a ball, pulling a heavy object or throwing an object. Fine Motor Skills – These are fine and precise movement shown when holding a pencil correctly, retrieving a tiny object from the floor. Locomotive Skills – These are skills for balancing the body such as walking on a line, standing on one foot for a few minutes. Cognitive Development This area of development describes the intellectual development of the child. Children show a profound development in receiving, retaining, processing information. They are learning to think logical and understand. They are able to form imagination and learn problem solving skills. Communication Development This area of development considers the ability to communicate information in the form of speech, verbal and non-verbal, reading and writing, asking questions, discussing and gestures through body language. Social and Emotional Development This area of development deals with children’s ability to express their feelings and emotions. It also includes forming relationships, self- identity, social behaviour as how to speak courteously, caring for oneself and others and also how to deal with their emotions. Moral Development This area of development is closely related to the Social and Emotional Development. Here children are able to learn how to distinguish between right or wrong activities, how to react and behave towards others, how to make the right choices and they develop abstract moral reasoning. Researchers have observed that the development of children follows an expected stage in the form of time spans. This is referred to as Four Stages of Development according to Maria Montessori. First Plane of Development (0-6 Years) – The Period of Infancy 0-3 Years The human baby is fully dependent on the adult for its movement and interpretation of his needs, unlike other species of beings that are able to walk or make same kind of noises like their adults, almost immediately after they are born. The human child can only express by crying. Physically the child is disproportionate, for example, the child’s head is much larger in proportion to the whole body. By the age of three the child is significantly more independent and although physically still disproportioned the child has acquired movements, if not perfect but reasonably coordinated. 3-6 Years During this period the child of three although more physically proportionate than the child between birth to three, the child is still perfecting his coordination of movements. The Absorbent Mind along with the Sensitive Periods is still functioning, the child is absorbing all the impressions that surround his environment; however he is now able to question and reason before he accepts what he sees. The period between three to six marks the period of expansion, consolidation and completion. The child during this period is attracted to more challenging activities and his hands, Maria Montessori refers to as â€Å"the instrument of his intelligence† aids him to explore his environment sensorially. The child is ready for an environment outside his home; however â€Å"Help me to help myself† is his exclamation. Second Plane of Development (6 – 12 Years) – The Period of Childhood At this stage the child is physically independent and is stronger. The child constantly engages in activities to test how strong, fast, daring and challenging he/she is. The infant soft hair disappears and the first tooth falls. The child becomes slim, lean, limbs become larger showing proportion of an adult. There is mental and physical stability, a uniform growth. The period is characterised by reasoning and imagination. The child builds a bridge towards abstract thinking. The child seeks for intellectual independence. The motto here is â€Å"I can think it myself.† This is the period when the child is attracted to peer groups, what Dr Montessori refers to as the â€Å"Herd Instinct†. Normally, this group is of same sex. The group gives sense of belonging and tend to dress alike. They develop a feeling of loyalty. There is constant seeking of approval for their actions. The group consists of a leader, person second in command and the followers/doers of tasks, what is termed as â€Å"dog’s body†. They form a mini-organisation and establish strict rules and maintain intimate secrets. Dr Montessori believes that influence of such group is so essential that it prepares a child to perform grown up tasks efficiently, it develops the spirit of integrity, power of will and reasoning, able to make decisions, deduce, organise, plan and acquire problem solving skills. The child is also able to experience responsibilities to the group and its functions. Third Plane of Development (12 – 18 Years) – The Period of Adolescence Arrival of puberty marks the end of childhood and is the beginning of adolescence. Enormous changes occur both physically and mentally. Physically, between the ages 12 – 15, the body is disproportionate, example the boys develop longs arms and they become conscious of their appearance and clothing. The body reaches full maturity between fifteen and eighteen. The period is aimed at constructing a social self. It is characterised by self concern and self assessment. By exploring wider cultural issues, in relation to society at large, the adolescent is capable of critical thinking and re-evaluation. Studies show that they are susceptible to anorexia, bulimia. Psychologically they become more aware of the social being and therefore are ultra sensitive, antagonistic to authority, easily discouraged, experience emotional highs and lows, emotional doubts, experience a decrease in intellectual activities. The adolescent becomes interested in music, drama, dance and other creative acti vities, because these activities allows them self-expressions and begins to idolise people and organisations, which can lead to appreciate social values or engage in anti-social behaviours. This is the period when the child seeks to gain financial independence with the motto, â€Å"I can get it myself†. Montessori envisioned this period as the â€Å"Erd Kinder† or â€Å"Children of the Land†. Fourth Plane of Development (18 – 24 Years) – The Period of Maturity or Adulthood The fourth plane of development is similar to the first plane, in that it is the period of consolidation and expansion. This plane depends on how the child has passed the earlier planes of development. If all the needs in the above planes have been fulfilled the child will feel secure and well adapted to his environment, is more able to make decisions on how life should be and how to contribute to the human values. This period is characterised by construction of self-understanding and spiritual development. The person is seeking to know one’s own place within the world. The personality seeks to enhance emotional independence and the motto is, â€Å"I can stand on my own†. Influences of Development Young children are easily influenced by various factors in the environment which affects their learning and behavioural process. They can be affected by various social, environmental, economic and biological factors. Studies are conducted as to how the development of children is affected by both personal and external factors. Personal Factors Personal factors are those that are influenced by nature or genetic formation such as, Problems during pregnancy and at birth An embryo is made up of 46 chromosomes which carried the genetic information of both male and the female partners. An embryo may not survive if there are changes in the number of chromosome. If the embryo does survive, the extra or the missing chromosome will cause an effect in the learning and development of the child. For example, Down Syndrome is caused due to an extra chromosome. The foetal development of the child can be also affected due to mother’s behaviour towards health. If the mother continues to smoke and consume drugs during pregnancy can harm the child.Children with foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) have distinct facial features including small and narrow eyes, a small head, a smooth area between the nose and the lips and a thin upper lip. They also show symptoms such as hearing, facial, immune system problems, epilepsy etc. Children can also be affected if they are born prematurely whereby there development can be delayed Health The development of the child can be affected due to genetic disorders. For example, a blood disorder such as sickle cell disease can be a barrier for development, as the child may not be able to fully participate in any physical activities which require gross muscle movements. Disabilities Children with disabilities are challenged with cognitive abilities and physical growth. Many disabilities are caused due to genetic conditions at birth, for example Down Syndrome. External Factors Many external factors are also reasons affecting children’s development. They can be broadly divided into, Poverty In the United Kingdom many children are experiencing adverse poverty levels causing physical, social, emotional and psychological distress. It has been observed that they are mostly due to Relative Poverty rather than Absolute Poverty. â€Å"Relative Poverty is a comparison of income compared to the average. It is concerned with the material things and personal possessions that society sees as requirement to live daily life.† â€Å"Absolute Poverty is a lack of basic human needs including food, shelter, warmth, sanitation, health care and education.† Children affected by poverty are seen to lack necessities such as; a) Diet A balanced diet consists of right amount of vitamins and minerals in the food, important for the growth and development of children. Families experiencing poverty tend to purchase cheap and highly processes food. These foods contain high levels of saturated fat, sugar and salt causing obesity and malnutrition, the factors largely affecting the social and economic condition of the society among young people and adults. Imbalanced food further affects the diet leading to lethargy and hyperactive conditions which further cause behavioural problems among children in their physical, social and emotional factors. b) Housing Families experiencing poverty or those who fall under the lower income group may have insufficient housing facilities, with inadequate ventilation and heating problems causing colds and asthma. Children living in crowded houses may not have opportunities for physical exercises thus leading to obesity and delay in physical development. c) Play and Leisure Opportunities Children require opportunities to socialise and make use of the various social clubs and settings to develop their physical and social skills and personal interests such as hobbies. Families who are unable to afford the finances may not be able to help their children to make use of these facilities, including transport to travel to and back from the social clubs. Family Environments and Backgrounds A healthy family environment and background is profound for children’s development. Families that are able to provide balanced diet, good housing and play and leisure opportunities contribute to the well-being of children’s development. However, some families are unable to do so due to poverty or lower income causing depression, usage of drugs and alcohol among parents affecting child development. Family Circumstances Stress is another major social issue among families. Conditions such as long term illness, bereavement or separation among parents and other family members creates adverse effect on children’s physical, social and emotional development. Personal Choices and Decisions As children grow older, they are faced to make decisions independently thus causing peer pressure in their societal conditions, leading to consumption of alcohol and drugs. Usage of such substances may cause depression, anxiety, behavioural problems and the development of the brain. When they are not able to make purposeful decisions young people suffer dietary issues leading to malnutrition and obesity. Education Parents are the first educators. The values and beliefs children learn at home are vital for early social and personality development. A good quality education support children’s ability in intellectual development which helps to form self-identity, self-worth, self-esteem and self-confidence. Educational organisations such as schools, clubs, church should be provided such that children are supported in their social and moral development. Why Development May Not Follow the Expected Pattern The growth of children is observed to follow an expected pattern. They follow a successive developmental stage each supporting the other stage of development. At times there are delays in achieving this milestone which allows further investigation as to why the delay has been occurred. The following factors are outlined to describe the dilemma as to why the development may not follow the expected pattern; Emotional Influences Children are seen to thrive in a safe and happy environment. When children are able to develop attachment with their parents, other members of the family, peers and practitioners their emotional needs are fulfilled. Physical Reasons Children should be provided with appropriate environment such that their physical needs are fulfilled. If children experience delays in their growth, their physical development can be affected. Environmental Factors Family and outside environment such as school and clubs play an important role in children’s development. External influences have an immense effect on children’s physical, social, emotional and psychological well-being. Cultural Reasons Cultural differences influence the development of children. For example, cultures that give higher priority to male genders cause difficulties and missed opportunities for female children to thrive in their society, where statutory education or an inclusive practice in maintained. Social Influences Certain structure and lifestyle followed by families may not be appropriate for child’s growth. Parental separation, for example can cause negative effect on children, causing anxiety, stress and fear. Children may become without and find it socially challenging to communicate. Disability Children with disability may find it difficult to challenge the factors affecting their growth if parents, peers and practitioners do not provide the right kind of environment to support their developmental needs. Early Intervention When the child is seen to experience a certain delay or delays in his learning and developmental abilities, it is important to identify the appropriate ways to support the child in those needs and if need be, to bring it to the attention of other professionals for further support. Primary care and early intervention is necessary to reduce the effects of such delays in the developmental growth of the child. It is important for children in the long run. When early intervention is given, children are able to develop their skills and abilities required for further educational and other social needs, which in turn supports in their overall development by experiencing success as adults. The following emotional challenges are observed to be experienced, where delays affecting development are not given appropriate early intervention; Frustration Changes in Behaviour Fewer Opportunities The Role of the Childcare Setting in Early Intervention Early year educational settings can play an important role in identifying the special needs or conditions in children and providing appropriate resources and materials that support their learning and developmental skills. A key worker for each child should be assigned such that the practitioner is able to observe the interests, hobbies, likes and dislikes special needs of the child. A close observation and assessment of the child’s development can be helpful to identify areas where the child feels challenged or faces difficulties in performing a certain activity. According to the EYFS, it is essential that a regular and formal review of the children’s progress is carried out in the early years settings in areas such as, Communication and Language Physical Development Personal, Social and Emotional Development A regular health check should also be followed to review the progress of children’s development such that they are given appropriate support by using effective resources and materials. Meena Sugandha SEN Level 3 Page 1 2014OSC51324

Free YGB Essay: Historical and Biographical Impact of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Young Goodman Brown: Historical and Biographical Impact So much for textual matters, paraphrasable content, and genre. What kind of historical or biographical information do we need in order to get the full impact of this story aesthetically and intellectually? Obviously, some knowledge of Puritan New England is necessary. We can place the story in time easily, because Hawthorne mentions that it takes place in the days of King William (that is, William III, who reigned from 1688 to 1702). Other evidences of the time of the story are the references to persecution of the Quakers by Brown's grandfather (the 1660s) and King Philip's War [primarily a massacre of Indians by colonists [1675-1676]), in which Brown's father participated. Specific locales like Salem, Boston, Connecticut, and Rhode Island are mentioned, as are terms used in Puritan ecclesiasticism and government, such as ministers, elders, meetinghouses, communion tables, saints fin the Protestant sense of any Christian), selectmen, and lecture days. But it is not enough for us to visualize a sort of "First Thanksgiving" picture of Pilgrims with steeple-crowned hats, Bibles, and blunderbusses. For one thing, we need to know something of Puritan religion and theology. This means at least a slight knowledge of Calvinism, a main source of Puritan religious doctrine. A theology as extensive and complex as Calvinism and one that has been the subject of so many misconceptions cannot be described adequately in a handbook of this type. But at the risk of perpetuating some of these misconceptions, let us mention three or four tenets of Calvinism that will illuminate to some degree the story of Goodman Brown. Calvinism stresses the sovereignty of God --- in goodness, power, and knowledge. Correspondingly, it emphasizes the helplessness and sinfulness of man. Man has been, since the Fall of Adam, innately and totally depraved. His only hope is in the grace of God, for God alone is powerful enough (sovereign enough) to save him. And the most notorious, if not the chief, doctrine is predestination, which includes the belief that God has, before their creation, selected certain people for eternal salvation, others for eternal damnation. Appearances are therefore misleading; an outwardly godly man might not be one of the elect. Thus it is paradoxical that Goodman Brown is so shocked to learn that there is evil among the apparently righteous for this was one of the most strongly implied teachings of his church.

Holes Essays -- essays research papers

Stanley Yelnats has a history of being in the wrong place and the wrong time. He was even wrongly accused of stealing a pair of old sneakers that was owned by a baseball player. He was sent to a juvenile correction center, Camp Green Lake. On Camp Green Lake there is nothing green and no lake, there are also no metal bars, electric fences, and no guard towers, all there is are a few cabins and tents in the middle of nowhere. If the campers tried to run they would be â€Å"buzzard food†. Each day every camper has to dig a hole that is five feet in all directions and five feet deep. The Warden says its to build character, but really it is because the Warden is secretly searching for something. Stanley’s family has an interesting history through the generations. His family’s bad luck started all...

Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Interview Nursing Essay

The Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) I interviewed is FS; she is an Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (ACNP) with the department of Urology at Saint Louis University Hospital (SLUH) and has been licensed and board certified since 2010. FS graduated in 2005 from Goldfarb School of nursing in Saint Louis earning her bachelor of science (BSN) and then took an intensive care staff position with Missouri Baptist hospital for two years. With two years of experience she felt she needed to continue her education in nursing and enrolled in a Saint Louis University (SLU) ACNP program. She realized after the first year that trying to work full time and take classes was too much for her, so she decided to quit her job to focus full time on her studies. Her first position as an ACNP was with the trauma department step down floor at SLUH in 2011. This position was advertised in newsprint and after sending in her resume she was contacted to for an interview in person. My first interaction with FS was last fall when I was teaching Advance Trauma Care for Nurses as she was one of the students that I recognized from the trauma department. We struck up a conversation and I basically did a mini interview then and she since has given me contacts for preceptors this summer. Last week I notified her regarding this interview and she informed me to meet her at noon in her office where we discussed questions listed according to the description of assignment for a total of 30 minutes. Personal history including education FS received a Bachelor of Science degree from Georgetown University in Economics and International Business. When working out a problem or learning a new skill she likes to get the general picture and start gradually focusing in on specifics similar to deductive theory. She knew she wanted to work in a hospital setting, from there to a surgical floor, and now she has focused in on Urology. She learned the Urology department at SLUH wanted to bring in two or three APN’s on service to round and be first assistants in the operating room through networking with other APN’s in the hospital. When she interviewed for the position she had a great working relationship with that service already. They knew she was punctual along with having familiarity with documentation system. She basically had been marketing herself before she even knew it by having a proactive relationship with consults. Description of current practice FS does not currently have a formal job description since her position is new and she is the first APN to fill this newly developed role with this service. Other than being told she would round on patients in the hospital, write orders, discharge patients, and first assist in the operating room she has no formal written description. When she applied for her position she was informed it would be a lateral move with no increase in pay or benefits. FS arrives to the hospital at 0600 similar to an intern or second year resident. Every morning she receives report from night float of any new patients or issues to existing patients who have been admitted. Information is gathered on labs and radiology films that have been completed and she uses this information when her first patient assessment is completed early that morning. The fellow or senior resident will round on each patient to discuss labs, radiology, and patient assessments. From this a plan is developed what needs to be done that day to move forward before the attending rounds with the team to discuss the same items. From this point she may go to the operating room to first assist if it is her patient or write new orders on the other patients assigned to their service. If she happens to be first assistant she will follow the patient back to their room and write post operation orders. Her role is very similar to a second year surgery resident duties. Description of APN functions using the APN core competencies. Working in an inner metropolitan city hospital that has many ethnicities has been challenging. She has had to learn certain customs, body posture, and position can have either a positive or negative impact in perception from the patient with regard to attitude of care they are receiving. She has learned from staff of the same ethnicity or watched family and friends interact with one another on proper cultural customs. The first of two main core competencies FS uses is clinical and professional leadership with fellow APN’s and physicians discussing assessments and plan of care. The second of two core competencies is consultation with other services and the nursing staff in consideration to patient care and goals (Cooke, Gemmill, & Grant, 2008). APN’s have additional competencies but these are the two main descriptions FS uses daily. FS has worked through many challenges as an APN the last few years. Some of the minor issues have been the acceptance from other services that do not have APN’s. Over time other services have become accustomed to consults from APN’s by her demonstrating knowledge, professionalism, and kindness. The biggest challenge she has faced is an overabundance additional patient work load since the department will no longer have residents this year. She has the attending’s blessing to hire more APN’s and they will take on more direct patient care. Issues confronting the APN in current practice FS reports there are no real issues she faces at present other than just continue to work on suturing skills in the operating room. She stays current in Urology by attending grand rounds along with reading and presenting journal articles. She also has the luxury of having a fellow who has been a great source of knowledge. Perceived impact on APN role pursuant to current healthcare developments, changes, and national recommendations. It is my personal belief APN’s will be one of the fastest growing professions in the coming years when the Affordable Health Care Act takes place. It appears that many physicians will probably be in specialized services along with the APN. In addition, APN’s will be the majority of primary care in the future as more individuals will seek wellness physicals and the baby boom generation is nearing 70 years of age.

How To Find A Job Effectively

Everyday someone is looking for a job. Whether that person is a recent graduate, a person laid-off from work, or a person that wants a different job, their diligent search turns into a carefully planned search for employment. It is important that a person knows how to search effectively for a job. There are three effective ways to look for a job: use a variety of resources, do a resume, and go on interviews. One way a person can look for a job effectively is to use a variety or resources, such as the newspaper, the Internet, or the local Job-Service Agency. The newspaper can be used to help find a job by looking at the job listings in the classified ad sections. The job listings in a newspaper vary depending on what is listed. One can find the classified ads by using the newspaper s index, which is located in the front of the newspaper. Another resource that can be used is the Internet. The Internet contains many search engines that can be used to find a specific job. One can even apply for jobs over the Internet. A person can also use the local Job-Service Agency to find a job. A Job-Service Agency can help the unemployed person find a job in the area where he or she lives. The Job-Service Agency tries to match ones skills with the jobs that are available. Generally, when a person writes a resume, he or she should avoid using the words I and My; be meticulous; and be able to keep track of where one submits his or her resume. Since a resume is about ones work history, the words I and My should not be used. Writing the words I and My for every statement is repetitious and clutters the resume with unnecessary words. It is perfectly acceptable to write a resume with incomplete sentences. A person must also be meticulous and look for errors in the resume. A resume should never be submitted with typos and other blatant mistakes. When a person sends a resume with many mistakes, this implies that one does not pay attention to details or has poor communication skills. In addition, when submitting resumes, it is important to keep track of where they are sent. This is a good idea, so that one does not submit his or her resume more than once at the same place. Being organized is a crucial step in writing and submitting resumes. When going on an interview, attire, body language, and manners count. First impressions are very important. Ones overall appearance is the first thing that an interviewer notices. A person should dress neat and in a professional manner. In addition, one should be aware of his or her body language. Being alert and answering questions in a timely and polite way is important. The tone of voice, posture, and gesture gives clues about ones manners. A positive attitude along with good manners can have a lasting impression. Manners count. No one wants to work with someone who is rude and disrespectful. In summary, if a person uses a variety of resources, do a resume, and go on interviews this will help one effectively find a job. It is essential that a person know how to effectively find a job, so that one becomes successful in his or her search. When a person does know how to find a job effectively, it will be hard for them to find a job. This will often lead to a person not finding a job at all. Therefore, if one uses these three effective ways to search for a job carefully, he or she will have no problem finding a job.

Rodney King Riots Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rodney King Riots - Essay Example The riots caused a great deal of damage and injury and remain one of the most violent periods in the history of the city. The present research looks into the causes of the riots, the events that led up to them, the evidence that was brought forward and decisions handed down and how this news was received by the greater community. The immediate and long-term effects of the riots will be examined and the lessons learned will be explored. In 1991, a man named Rodney King was brutally beaten up by four police officers and the video recording of the incident had been publicized. The LAPD officers were put on trial for this controversial incident after the video was released. This caused it to stay in the center of the public eye. The verdicts handed down as a result of the trial amazed the public because only one officer was found guilty of the excessive use of force that all four officers were seen to take part in within the video. The other officers were released with no further charges or punishment (Los Angeles Times, April 29th 1992). The video coverage of the trials and verdicts angered the populace who perhaps felt threatened that the same thing might someday happen to them. They reacted in masses as hundreds of Black people filled the streets to share their anger and disbelief. This negative emotion fed on itself and began to tip over into violence. \ The result was the riots which have jarred the nerves of eve ryone involved. Three days of violence followed. Four thousand National Guardsmen were deployed to re-establish law and order. Live news television coverage showed fires raging in various parts of the city started by the rioters. People were rioting and looting and assaulting innocent bystanders leading to utter havoc in the heart of the city. By the time the riots were brought under control, the death toll was 50 and more than 4,000 people were injured. Property damage was assessed at $1 billion and 12,000

Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Report - Coursework Example In addition, being self-aware makes me more employable in the sense that depending on my strengths and weaknesses, I can clearly define the most suitable working environment and conditions to which I will be of maximum productivity. For instance, the awareness of strong working values makes me eligible to any working environment be it team working or solo working. I have learnt that my strengths provide a good foundation for my pursuit of the sale and marketing career. Though, despite the advantage provided by my self-awareness, I also need to research on the sales and marketing job market and get the set specific targets to achieving the career objective. In addition, I have learnt that I also need to learn more about other factors that affect the employment process; factors like CV writing, job hunting and several more and that I need to improve my writing communication. Finally, I have learnt is that I need to acquire career facts in order to be employable. I need to know the entry requirements, key employers, recruitment schedules, useful social media websites as well as sources of work experience since all these factors play an important role in employment. The evidence previously provided shows the absence of the STAR program utility. One way that I could provide better evidence is by giving the exact details of what I actually did while working at the food processing company. My computer literacy enabled me to perform tasks using Word, Excel, and PowerPoint. On top of these Microsoft utilities, I also used custom made software for the company to perform a special task like calculating the expiry date of a given type of process food. Subsequently, I could have provided more details in describing my positive attitude towards work. For example, despite joining the food company at a young age (18 years of age), I was optimistic that I could do whatever my elder colleagues were capable of doing. This positive attitude

Endometrial cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Endometrial cancer - Essay Example The most common type of endometrial cancer is endometrioid adenocarcinoma. It is developed in cells that form glands of the endometrium and shows specific features under the microscope. Endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) is the most common type of endometrial cancer, which compromises about 75% to 80% of endometrial cancer and usually occurs at the time of, or one to two decades after menopause, and shows most common symptoms with vaginal bleeding. Its clinical behaviour and grade depend on the degree of differentiation. High grade of tumour development are associated with more advanced stage of disease. Endometrial subtype of endometrial cancer (EEC) is estrogen related. It is already well defined that high level of estrogen in patients lead to increase the risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma as estrogen hormone sustains to promote the growth of endometrial cancer cells. That is, the risk of tumour development is associated with an increase in uncontrolled estrogen activity. According to the study of classic model regarding endometrial cancer and breast cancer, estrogen modulates the expression of estrogen responsive downstream effectors by binding to estrogen receptor and induces subsequent reactions through the action of estrogen receptor at the transcriptional level. The second most common form is papillary serous adenocarcinoma, which is composed of about 10% of all endometrial cancers and another form is clear cell adenocarcinoma, which compromises about 4-5% of all endometrial carcinomas. Both papillary serous and clear cell adenocarcinomas show more aggressiveness than endo metrioid adenocarcinomas, and can be often detected at advanced stages. Estrogen hormone functions on cell growth and differentiation, mainly in tissues of reproductive system including mammary glands, uterus, vagina and ovaries in female and testis,

Marketing Plan for SBA in developing sounds for mobile games Assignment - 1

Marketing Plan for SBA in developing sounds for mobile games applications - Assignment Example The marketing options to support the diversification strategy are examined in some detail and particular attention is focussed on a promotional and communications strategy designed to build profile and relationships with key market players. These strategies include direct marketing, business-to-business advertising and media relations. SBA now wants to protect itself from the impact of a possible downturn in its core business by diversifying into a new market. It has identified the potentially lucrative mobile games market as a possible opportunity whereby it could create and market music/sound for application in such games. The purpose of this marketing plan is to assist the management committee in reaching a business decision on possible diversification by presenting a detailed and factual analysis of the market situation and by recommending strategies for exploiting any identified market opportunities. Whilst there is a wealth of information and market data on the mobile gaming industry per se there is a dearth of information and market data on the ‘sub market’ of music/ sound supply to this industry. Consequently it will be necessary for the management committee to authorise some primary research in this area to ensure that business decisions are taken on the basis of authenticated data. A mobile game is a video game played on a mobile device such as a mobile Phone or handheld computer. This does not include games played on Handheld video game systems such as PlayStation Portable and Nintendo DS are not classified as mobile gaming devices in the context of this plan. (Wikipedia, 2009) The mobile gaming market is growing steadily. The number of worldwide gamers has increased from about 55 million in 2005 to about 183 million in 2008. Global revenue from mobile gaming in 2008 was $6.9bn and is expected to grow to $18 billion by 2014 (Roberts, B. 2009). â€Å"Given

Which aspects of McDonald's organisational culture are considered to Dissertation - 1

Which aspects of McDonald's organisational culture are considered to be strong compared to competitors - Dissertation Example Organizational culture is a topic that is well-studied, and it basically means that organizations have a certain set of values and beliefs that are unique to that organization. Because culture needs to be spread, and there must be a method for this method to spread, this is a topic of consideration and is the focus of this paper. In particular, a vision is something that permeates organizations and, if this vision is positive and committed to by the employees of the company, the vision can make the organization great. This vision thus guides the organization, and underpins the culture. Another variable is that of leadership, as leadership has a great effect on organizational culture. Toxic leaders may lead to toxic work environments, so the organizational culture would be adversely affected. Conversely, effective leaders may lead to effective teams, and this would positively affect the organizational culture. The different kinds of leaders, and how these leaders operate, is another f ocus of this paper. Lastly, since McDonald’s is a multinational corporation, the concept of cultural distance must be touched upon. This is another focus. The results sections will extrapolate the data that was found on McDonald’s and relate this data to the information presented in the literature review. Hence, it can be shown why McDonald’s is the dominant player in the fast food market around the world. The literature review is divided into four sections – literature regarding organizational culture in general, followed by literature regarding vision, literature regarding leadership, and literature regarding cultural distance. The research section is next, and describes the kind of research undertaken, which is secondary research, and how the particular topic was researched. Next comes the results, which are tied into the literature found in the literature review. A conclusion tying it all together concludes the paper. Literature Review The Meaning of Organizational Culture Organizational culture is â€Å"the coding of values and deeply-held beliefs that mold an organization's decision patterns, guide its actions, and drive individual behavior† (Dauphinais & Price, 1998, p. 190). An organizational culture is made up of patterns of belief that are rooted in the values, norms and informal activities of the organization (Ivancevich et al., 2008, p. 503). Both members and outsiders are cognizant of a particular organization’s culture, as the organization makes its organizational culture visible (Dauphinais & Price, 1998, p. 190). At the same time, because it is comprised of beliefs, values and attitudes, all intangible qualities, it is subtle and invisible. The culture may be either beneficial or destructive. If based upon a positive vision, which is discussed below, the cultural organization is beneficial to the organization. Alternatively, if the belief system upon which the organizational culture is based is flawed, and does not fit the vision, then it can be destructive and will drive the organization on to mediocrity, not greatness. Moreover, the organizational culture is often driven by the bottom up, as opposed to top down, according to Dauphinais & Price, as the ways that the broad masses of the organization behave dictates the culture of the organization. Therefore, the organizational culture may be created by rewards, measures and â€Å"carefully structured people practices† Vision as a Part of Organizational Culture Part of the organizational culture is the vision that permeates throughout the organization, especially if the organization is strong and is able to have a shared vision. According to Senge (1990), a shared vision is vital for a successful company and should be one of the top priorities. The company’s vision is one to which the people of the organization must commit themselves. Yet, the successful company also realizes that there are thousands of individual vis ions for the companies, or, in the case of McDonald’s, millions of different visions, as each employee may have their

The Benefits of Dance for Dyspraxics and Dyslexics Essay Example for Free

The Benefits of Dance for Dyspraxics and Dyslexics Essay As a consequence of my career in the teaching of dance, I have had some practical experience working with dyslexic and dyspraxic children for a number of years now and have become increasingly interested in the problems they face. In having this study to write an ideal opportunity arose to research the subjects in more detail. In doing so I have discovered how vast it really is and how difficult it is to write even an explanation of the conditions. â€Å"No two dyslexics are alike† ,[1] so how can one state precisely what it is? Even the different institutions who are expert in their fields differ. My aim is to open up the subjects, provoking some interest in the reader to learn more about them and then to focus on how I feel dance can be of assistance in the child’s life, albeit in very different ways. To cover just one subject thoroughly would be impossible, but I hope, in skimming the surface, I can demonstrate how important these issues are. I do not claim expertise. The information that I have used comes from reliable sources (see Bibliography) and includes personal opinions. The essential fact is that although the two words sound similar, they are very different problems. There are many definitions of dyslexia. The International Dyslexia Association states that;â€Å"dyslexia is a neurologically based, often familial, disorder which interferes with the acquisition and processing of language† .[2] British Dyslexics say simply â€Å"individuals†¦.struggle to learn through the medium of written or spoken language† ,[3] but have a list of definitions from other sources which includeâ€Å"dyslexia is the ability to see multidimensionally, all at once, or from any one place at a time. The ability to think in pictures and to register those pictures as real. Thus, you mix in creative thinking with reality and change what is seen or heard† .[4] The percentage of dyslexia sufferers varies from source to source, it may be up to 20% of the population (Dyslexia U.K information on ‘Incidence ’[5]) in varying degrees. That is a vast amount! Three times more males are affected than females probably because it is usually hereditary being passed down through males. In my experience boys heavily outweigh the ratio of boys to girls. Ron Davis, a dyslexic who suffered as a child wrote the book â€Å"The Gift of Dyslexia†. It left me both more confused about the problem and yet more understanding of it too! Why do dyslexics who are usually normal to above average intelligence often have difficulties at school even though hopefully nowadays teachers are taught to be more aware of learning disabilities? My understanding of Davis’ book allows me to see that dyslexics need a completely different teaching method because their thought processes are different. Dyslexics think in pictures, non-dyslexics think verbally (using words). These pictures/thoughts happen at a rate of approximately 32 a second, as opposed to 2-5 thoughts a second for the verbal thinker.[6] Dyslexics are not aware of most of their thoughts as they happen too quickly, but the subliminal part of the brain takes them in and it is this ability that gives them highly tuned intuition and creativity. They become so involved in their thoughts that these become reality- they see, hear, smell and feel what is in their heads. This causes me some confusion as I am a verbal thinker and it is difficult to conceptualise another way of thinking. How can any one teacher be expected to teach in two different ways at the same time? It is a little like having one half of the class thinking in French and the other in English but all speaking English (to use rather an extreme analogy). The reason behind thinking in pictures comes from the relative sizes of the brain’s hemispheres. The right side is often larger in dyslexics and this is the ‘picture’ side, the creative centre. The left side is the language side. This becomes a problem when the child goes to school and does not understand the written word. A different learning process is needed as our current methods rely heavily on written language and verbal thought. There becomes a big discrepancy between their intellectual ability and their reading performance. This lack of understanding in one area is also the reason why individuals are gifted in another area. Highly tuned intuition is a dyslexic talent, as is a greater curiosity the â€Å"dynamic force behind creativity† .[7] Dyslexics can ‘see’ things from all angles and from outside themselves. They can put their â€Å"mind’s eye† [8] anywhere, seeing the whole picture rather than fragments of the whole. â€Å"Dyslexia would not be so common if its effects were purely detrimental†. [9] Many of the great geniuses were dyslexic- Einstein for example once said, â€Å"if I can’t picture it, I can’t understand it† ;[10] Da Vinci, Walt Disney and Winston Churchill all suffered with this ‘affliction’. Living dyslexics include Cher, Whoopi Goldberg, Guy Ritchie and Eddie Izzard â€Å"the bizarre connections he makes in his unscripted shows may be a dyslexic dividend† .10 A recent article in the Daily Telegraph features a severely dyslexic entrepreneur, Ben Way who at 20 is a multimillionaire! His grandfather was dyslexic and his mother is which may be one reason for his exceptional skills. When he gets an idea he says â€Å"it all comes together like a whirring candy floss machine, turning in my head, making connections from all over the place. In an hour I find I can see the solution to a problem† .[11] He also says about people he has worked with of higher IQ than himself â€Å"but they don’t see things from so many angles†. 11 It is probably becoming apparent that the negative side of dyslexia has an equal and opposite positive side that would not be so developed if there were no dyslexia present. The way they think leads them to be potentially talented in many areas unrelated to their language skills. Their â€Å"special talent comes from the same mental functions that prevent them from being able to read, write or spell well† .[12] Intuition has already been mentioned, this ability to understand and picture the whole. Creativity relates directly to dance (and other visual subjects; art, design, technology etc). Their thought processes which allow them to picture something, even themselves from another point in space is highly desirable in artistic subjects. â€Å"Dancers and athletes (two favourite professions of dyslexics) ordinarily have their minds eye positioned above their heads† .[13] As babies and toddlers dyslexics are more curious than other children are, often walking before crawling. This curiosity leads to creativity and this creativity is the gift they have. In dance, imagination and creativity are vital. Dyslexics are usually good musically and inner rhythm is another important element we look for. In summary the abilities that dyslexics have that potentially would make dance a good medium are-1:Thinking in pictures; dance is a visual art form that requires the participant to see shapes and copy shapes. It is moving art. 2:Thinking and perceiving multi-dimensionally. All the senses are utilised, seeing the whole picture rather than fragments. Ideal when choreographing. 3:A vivid imagination. 4:Extraordinary creative skills. â€Å"Tasks which require the ability to visualise something in a creative or different way are often simple for the individual with these talents†.[14] Achievement is vital for anyone’s self esteem but especially for a child who may perceive themselves a failure in other aspects of their lives. To my mind if children are struggling at school for whatever reason, but find a niche for themselves in the dance class or any other activity, then we are obliged to nurture it. This should build their confidence and self worth and hopefully help them in other aspects of their lives and so prevent negative feelings of frustration and failure. It may also offset other related problems that could arise such as bad behaviour and depression. Thomas Scheidler (co-founder of The Greenwood School) discovered a â€Å"big discrepancy between their [dyslexics] ability to perform artistically and their ability to perform in language areas†. [15] In sports that needed good balance and co-ordination they excelled; dyslexics that are well co-ordinated â€Å"tend to also be especially good in sports that require balance and a sense of flow†. 14 It is so important to encourage children in disciplines where they demonstrate some aptitude, especially children who obviously suffer in basic learning areas. Dyspraxia or â€Å"developmental co-ordination disorder† is â€Å"an impairment or immaturity of the organisation of movement and, in many individuals, there may be associated problems of language, perception and thought†. [16] Between 2-10% of the population are affected, 70% being boys. (Dyspraxic Foundation). I intend to concentrate on the problem of co-ordination and only touch on other difficulties when they are relevant or link to the role of dance/movement. Almost from birth children with dyspraxia will show signs of movement impairment. They lack motor competence and have often been labelled ‘clumsy’. It is thought, †parts of the brain have failed to mature properly†. [17] Without delving into the reasoning behind this too much, it is noteworthy that when taking a ‘history’ questions concerning pregnancy and diet are included (p.19 Developmental Dyspraxia by Madeleine Portwood). Dyspraxia â€Å"affects how a child manages and co-ordinates his or her movements† [18] because â€Å"reinforced interconnections between nerve cells in the cerebral cortex are reduced in number†. [19] Normally automatic movements in the dyspraxic have to be taught and used repeatedly to create these connections. Dyspraxic babies often ‘bottom shuffle’ then walk because the brain can not give the limbs independent messages they need in order to crawl. Children display awkward movement, have limited creativity and concentration. They lack strength and tone in muscles and subsequently have poor posture. Each of the ‘skills’ we take for granted i.e. walking with co-ordinated arm movements, jumping, climbing etc, have to be learnt by the dyspraxic child. The neural pathways need to be reinforced quickly. It is the â€Å"execution of motor skills which encourages the development of the neural pathways in the brain†. [20] They find it â€Å"difficult to execute tasks which involve co-ordination of arms and legs†, 19 although they become good at a skill they have practised. Unfortunately it is specific to that particular skill and they find transferring information from one area to another difficult. They almost end up relearning the same thing to be used elsewhere. â€Å"Tasks requiring balance, rhythm and co-ordination are most useful†. [21] One of the single most important areas that dyspraxic individuals need to work on is their co-ordination and their gross motor skills. This word, co-ordination, has already come up and it and dance are synonymous. This is the starting point that makes me feel dance can really play an important part in a dyspraxics life and their subsequent development. Dance can help promote their gross motor skills, their balance, mastering common movements, for example, standing on one leg, hopping, hop scotch, skipping, controlling their arm movements and synchronising arms and legs. It will also develop the body’s postural muscles which will go a long way to assisting in the control of their body as a whole, making them more spatially aware of themselves. We use nursery rhymes with young children that require putting actions to words, these can be most fun and beneficial in learning to co-ordinate and move the body in a variety of ways (the teacher helping as needed). When the child goes from nursery school to reception there is â€Å"less opportunity to improve his gross motor skills† [22] and so attendance of a dance class will continue to improve and build on motor skills outside the school environment and in an enjoyable and more relaxed atmosphere. The dyspraxic child â€Å"will avoid activities essential for development if he is not directed towards them†. 21 If used alongside other intervention methods early enough, dance can enhance the child’s self esteem and teach the motor skills required to avoid physical conflict. This will encourage their peers to include them in activities and help them to feel less isolated. This is essential to the child’s welfare and may offset, like the dyslexic child, other emotional problems. It can be seen that the two conditions bear little resemblance to each other. A dyspraxic child can often have a reading age two years above themselves whereas a dyslexic will probably always find reading a chore. Dyspraxics have limited creativity but dyslexics show extremely high levels of imagination. A dyslexic is often very good at sports and balancing, co-ordination type activity whereas a dyspraxic has to work very hard to become as skilled. There are common areas though. Both generally have normal to high intelligence. Dyslexics will experience some degree of dyspraxia due to seeing their thoughts as reality and so losing their sense of space in actual reality, thus becoming confused and disorientated. In my experience both respond to routine and if this is upset it often leads to disruption and this will cause them to achieve less than when the routine is consistent. With a dance class repetition is necessary in order to acquire a skill. For a dyspraxic or dyslexic child to see what is ahead is reassuring, especially when they feel themselves improving. One last point of similarity and interest is that both affect more boys than girls. If we can entice many more boys into the pre-school dance class we can start intervention and indeed see the signs of a problem earlier. We tend by default to help more girls, either intentionally or unintentionally, simply because they present themselves in larger numbers. Learning basic movement skills and firing off imagination is important for both sexes, as is interacting socially in a controlled environment. If we could get the boys into the classes and into our imaginative world we could begin to help many more youngsters with or without learning difficulties. Dance to me has an obvious place here, whether it be tuning into an individuals talent and providing an outlet to a very creative mind, or giving a child confidence in moving their own body and having control over that body. I have experienced the positive effect dance can have in both these areas and seen children gain in confidence in other aspects of their lives as a result. Having studied these ‘disorders’ I feel I have acquired much more of an insight into the approach needed when teaching in this area and consequently greater confidence that using dance is a positive addition to intervention methods currently in use. In my opinion, dance is a world that should be open and enjoyed by all and be beneficial as a whole mind and body approach for a healthy life, emotionally, mentally and physically. Bibliography: The Gift of Dyslexia by Ron Davis Developmental Dyspraxia – Identification and Intervention by Madeleine Portwood (Second Edition) A First Guide to Developmental Co-ordination Disorder. Published by OAASIS. (Office for Advice, Assistance, Support and Information on Special Needs). What is Developmental Dyspraxia? By Dyspraxia Foundation ‘He’s not stupid, he’s Dyslexic’ article- The Sunday Times 23 July 2000 by Peter Martin ‘One day we’ll take over the world’ article- Daily Telegraph 10 January 2001 by Cassandre Jardine. The following are articles found on the internet under Dyslexia;- Dyslexia U.K: Dyslexia and its Implications. What is Dyslexia? By Bright Solutions for Dyslexia, LLC What is Dyslexia? By British Dyslexics What is Dyslexia? By Roger P Harrie and Carol Weller Dyslexia and Creativity. An interview with Thomas Scheidler by Rondi Lightmark.